Uv germicidal system, method, and device thereof

ABSTRACT

A germicidal system for at least partially disinfecting a human interface device including a touch surface and method thereof are provided. The germicidal system includes a housing defining an aperture, an adjustable attachment device extending from the housing, the adjustable attachment device configured to removably attach to the human interface device, an ultra-violet (UV) light source at least partially enclosed in the housing, wherein the UV light source is configured to project an illumination pattern at least partially defined by the aperture and position of the adjustable attachment device, such that the illumination pattern substantially corresponds to the touch surface of the human interface device, a sensor in communication with the UV light source, wherein the sensor is configured to detect an object proximate to the housing, and a processor in communication between the UV light source and the sensor, wherein the processor is configured to activate the UV light source when the sensor has not detected the object within a first time period, and deactivate the UV light source when one of the sensor detects the object and a second time period has expired, such that the illumination pattern projected by the UV light source disinfects the touch surface of the human interface device below a surgical grade sterilization.

RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority from provisional patent application filed on 10 May 2010, bearing application No. 61/333,065.

GOVERNMENT RIGHTS

This invention was not made with Government support. The Government does not have any rights in this invention.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention generally relates to a germicidal system, method, and device thereof, and more particularly, to a germicidal system having a UV light source and method thereof.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

According to one aspect of the present invention a germicidal system for at least partially disinfecting a human interface device including a touch surface is provided, which includes a housing defining an aperture, an adjustable attachment device extending from the housing, the adjustable attachment device configured to removably attach to the human interface device, and an ultra-violet (UV) light source at least partially enclosed in the housing, wherein the UV light source is configured to project an illumination pattern at least partially defined by the aperture and a position of the adjustable attachment device, such that the illumination pattern substantially corresponds to the touch surface of the human interface device. The germicidal system further includes a sensor in communication with the UV light source, wherein the sensor is configured to detect an object proximate to the housing, and a processor in communication between the UV light source and the sensor, wherein the processor is configured to activate the UV light source when the sensor has not detected the object within a first time period, and deactivate the UV light source when one of the sensor detects the object and a second time period has expired, such that the illumination pattern projected by the UV light source disinfects the touch surface of the human interface device below a surgical grade sterilization.

According to another aspect of the present invention a germicidal system integrated into a human interface device is provide that includes an adjustable housing defining an aperture, and a UV light source at least partially enclosed in the housing, wherein the UV light source is configured to project an illumination pattern at least partially defined by the aperture and position of the adjustable housing, such that the illumination pattern substantially corresponds to the touch surface of the human interface device. The germicidal system further includes a sensor in communication with the UV light source, wherein the sensor is configured to detect a position of the UV light source with respect to the touch surface of the human interface device, and a processor in communication between the UV light source and the sensor, wherein the processor is configured to activate the UV light source when the sensor detects that the UV light source is juxtaposed to the touch surface of the human interface device, such that the illumination pattern projected by the UV light source disinfects the touch surface of the human interface device below a surgical grade sterilization.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a method of disinfecting a touch surface of a human interface device includes the steps of determining if an object is proximate the touch surface of the human interface device, determining a distance between a UV light source and the touch surface of the human interface device, projecting an illumination pattern by the UV light source if it is determined that an object is not proximate the touch surface of the human interface device, wherein the illumination pattern of the UV light source is projected for a first time period that is a function of an intensity of the illumination pattern and the determined distance between the UV light source and the touch surface of the human interface device, such that the illumination pattern projected by the UV light source disinfects the touch surface.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a germicidal system, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an environmental view of a germicidal system, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a environmental view of a germicidal system, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a germicidal system, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a germicidal system, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a germicidal system, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a germicidal system, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a germicidal system, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is an environmental view of a germicidal system, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is an environmental view of a germicidal system, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is an environmental view of a plurality of germicidal systems, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is an environmental view of a plurality of germicidal systems, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is an environmental view of a germicidal system, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14 is an environmental view of a germicidal system, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is an environmental view of a plurality of germicidal systems, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a germicidal system integrated with a laptop computer, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a laptop computer that includes an integrated germicidal system, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 18A is a schematic diagram of a germicidal system configured to project a UV illumination pattern through a translucent material, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 18B is a schematic diagram of a germicidal system configured to project a UV illumination pattern through a translucent material, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 19A is a side view of a UV lamp, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 19B is a top view of the UV lamp of FIG. 19A;

FIG. 19C is a table describing exemplary specifications of the UV lamp of FIGS. 19A and 19B;

FIG. 20A is a side view of a UV short wavelength lamp, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 20B is a table describing exemplary specifications of the UV short wavelength lamp of FIG. 20A;

FIG. 21A is a side view of a UV short wavelength lamp, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 21B is a table describing exemplary specifications of the UV short wavelength lamp of FIG. 21A;

FIG. 22A is a side view of a UV short wavelength lamp, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 22B is a table describing exemplary specifications of the UV short wavelength lamp of FIG. 22A;

FIG. 23A is a top view of a power supply, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 23B is a side view of a power supply, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 23C is a top view of a circuit board of a power supply, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 23D is a table describing exemplary tolerances of the power supply of FIGS. 23A-23C;

FIG. 24A is a circuit schematic of a power supply, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 24B and 24C are tables describing exemplary specifications of the circuit illustrated in FIG. 24A;

FIG. 25 is a flowchart illustrating a method of at least partially disinfecting a touch surface of a human interface device, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 26 is a flowchart illustrating a method of at least partially disinfecting a touch surface of a human interface device, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 27 is a perspective view of a keyboard having a translucent surface and an integrated germicidal system, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 28 is a perspective view of a mouse having a translucent surface and an integrated germicidal system, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 29 is a schematic of one embodiment of a State Transition Diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 30 is a schematic of one embodiment of a motion sensor circuit of the present invention;

FIG. 31 is a schematic of one embodiment of a power supply and/or USB power supply of the present invention;

FIG. 32 is a schematic of embodiments of (1) an on/off switch, (2) a clean now switch, and (3) a programming header;

FIG. 33 is a schematic of an embodiment of a DC to AC inverter of the present invention;

FIG. 34 is a schematic of an embodiment of a microcontroller and LED indicators of the present invention;

FIG. 35 is a schematic of an embodiment of operator inputs and indicators of the present invention;

FIG. 36 is a schematic of an embodiment of a PIR sensor circuit of the present invention;

FIG. 37 is a schematic of an embodiment of filters and amplifiers of the present invention;

FIG. 38 is a schematic of a comparator of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 39 is a schematic of an embodiment of a PIR signal output of the present invention;

FIG. 40 is a schematic of an embodiment of a DC to AC inverting circuit of the present invention;

FIG. 41 is a schematic of an embodiment of a CCFL Royer Inverter circuit of the present invention;

FIG. 42 is a chart of embodiment of a LTSpice simulation of the present invention;

FIG. 43 is another chart of an embodiment of an LTSpice simulation of the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Before describing in detail embodiments that are in accordance with the present invention, it should be observed that the embodiments include combinations of method steps and apparatus components related to a germicidal system and method thereof. Accordingly, the apparatus components and method steps have been represented, where appropriate, by conventional symbols in the drawings, showing only those specific details that are pertinent to understanding the embodiments of the present invention so as not to obscure the disclosure with details that will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of the description herein. Further, like reference characters in the description and drawings represent like elements.

Certain terminology will be used in the following description for convenience and reference only, and will not be limiting. For example, the words “upwardly,” “downwardly,” “rightwardly,” and “leftwardly” will refer to directions in the drawings to which reference is made. The words “inwardly” and “outwardly” will refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of the system and designated parts. Said terminology will include the words specifically mentioned, derivatives, and similar words. Also, “connected to,” “secured to,” or similar language includes the definitions “indirectly connected to,” “directly connected to,” “indirectly secured to,” and “directly secured to.”

In this document, relational terms, such as first and second, top and bottom, and the like, may be used to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action, without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. The terms “comprises,” “comprising,’ or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. An element proceeded by “comprises . . . a” does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of additional identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

With respect to exemplary embodiments illustrated in FIGS. 1-15, a germicidal system is generally shown at reference identifier 100. Typically, the germicidal system 100 is configured for at least partially disinfecting a human interface device generally indicated at reference identifier 102, which can include a touch surface 104. The germicidal system 100 can include a housing 106 that defines an aperture 108, and an adjustable attachment device 110 that extends from the housing 106, wherein the adjustable attachment device 110 can be configured to removably attach to the human interface device 102. The germicidal system 100 can further include an ultra-violet (UV) light source 112 that can be at least partially enclosed in the housing 106, wherein the UV light source 112 can be configured to project an illumination pattern at least partially defined by the aperture 108 and a position of the adjustable attachment device 110, such that the illumination pattern substantially corresponds to the touch surface 104 of the human interface device 102. Additionally, a sensor 114 can be included in the germicidal system 100, wherein the sensor 114 can be in communication with the UV light source 112, and the sensor 114 can be configured to detect an object 116 proximate to the housing 106. The germicidal system 100 can also include a processor 118 in communication between the UV light source 112 and the sensor 114, wherein the processor 118 can be configured to activate the UV light source 112 when the sensor 114 has not detected the object 116 within a first time period, and deactivate the UV light source 112 when one of the sensor 114 detects the object 116 and a second time period has expired, such that the illumination pattern projected by the UV light source 112 disinfects the touch surface 104 of the human interface device 102 below a surgical grade sterilization, as described in greater detail herein.

For purposes of explanation and not limitation, in operation, the germicidal system 100 can be attached to the human interface device 102 and adjusted to project the illumination pattern from the UV light source 112 onto the touch surface 104 when a user is not using the human interface device 102. Typically, the sensor 114 is used to detect a user proximate to the human interface device 102 in order to prevent the UV light source 112 from projecting the illumination pattern during use of the human interface device 102. The touch surface 104 can be disinfected when the human interface device 102 is not being used, such that anytime the human interface device 102 is not used for a time period (e.g., the first time period), the germicidal system 100 disinfects the touch surface 104. Thus, the touch surface 104 can be at least partially disinfected between uses of the human interface device 102.

The UV light source 112 can be a light source configured to emit light in the UV-C wavelength band. However, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the UV light source 112 can be configured to emit light at other wavelengths, which are adapted to disinfect the target area. By way of explanation and not limitation, as exemplary illustrated in FIGS. 19A-22, the UV light source 112 can be a UV short wavelength lamp. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that other suitable germicidal light sources can be used alternatively or in addition to the UV light source 112. According to one embodiment, the UV light source 112 can be a five Watt (5 W) to fifteen Watt (15 W) bulb; however, the UV light source 112 can be a lesser or greater wattage bulb, such as, but not limited to, a three-quarters Watt (0.75 W) bulb.

According to one embodiment the germicidal system 100 can further include an alignment light source 120 that can be configured to project an illumination pattern adapted to direct alignment of the adjustable attachment device 110, such that the UV light source 112 can be substantially aligned with the touch surface 104 of the human interface device 102. In such an embodiment, when the germicidal system 100 is turned on, the alignment light source 120 can illuminate an alignment illumination pattern that can identify to the user the anticipated illumination pattern of the UV light source 112, so that the UV light source 112 can be directed towards a desirable target area. According to one embodiment, the target area can be an area that is approximately the same size and shape as the touch surface 104, and substantially overlapping therewith. Thus, the illumination pattern can substantially correspond with the target area. The alignment light source 120 can be at least partially enclosed in the housing 106.

Typically, the aperture 108 can be sized and shaped to reduce an exposure of UV light to areas outside the boundaries that define the desirable target area. According to one embodiment, the aperture 108 can be at least partially defined by a flange or skirt extending from the housing 106 and at least partially around the UV light source 112. Thus, the flange can reduce side exposure incidents at low side angles with respect to the UV light source 112. Additionally or alternatively, the flange can reduce side exposure incidents with respect to a front, a back, or a combination thereof, of the UV light source 112.

According to one embodiment, a lens 119 can be configured to at least partially extend over the aperture 108. The lens 119 can provide protection for the UV light source 112; affect the UV illumination pattern projected by the UV light source 112, the like, or a combination thereof. Additionally or alternatively, at least a portion of an interior and/or an exterior of the housing 106 can be coated with a reflective material, such that at least a portion of the UV illumination pattern that is directed away from the target area can be reflected and re-directed towards the target area.

By way of explanation and not limitation, the alignment light source 120 can be a light amplification by simulated emission of radiation (LASER) device placed on an underside of the housing 106, or at least partially enclosed therein. The alignment light source 120 can be approximately parallel to a front edge of the UV illumination pattern projected by the UV light source 112. Thus, the alignment light source 120 can assist in accurately positioning the angle of the UV light source 112, so that the UV illumination pattern can be substantially aligned with a front edge of the target area. According to one embodiment, the alignment light source 120 can be activated for approximately thirty seconds (30 s) when the germicidal system 100 is initially powered ON. Further, the germicidal system 100 can include a switch for manually activating and/or deactivating the alignment light source 120. After the alignment time period has expired and the alignment light source 120 has been turned OFF, the germicidal system 100 can be configured to determine a distance between the UV light source 112 and the target area.

According to one embodiment, a distance sensor 121 can be utilized to determine an approximate distance between the UV light source 112 and the target area. The determined distance can then be used to determine an intensity of the UV illumination pattern projected by the UV light source 112 and the time period for which the UV light source will project the UV illumination pattern. These three variables, or a combination thereof, can be approximately optimized to increase the disinfection of the target area. However, in an embodiment that does not include a distance sensor 121, a static equation (e.g., an estimated distance, intensity, and ON time period) can be utilized based upon expected operating conditions.

By way of explanation and not limitation, the time period can range from seconds to one or more minutes (e.g., thirty seconds (30 s) to four minutes (4 min)) depending upon the distance between the UV light source 112 and the target area, an intensity of the UV light source 112, the like, or a combination thereof. These variables can also be determined as a function of a UV output rating of the UV light source 112.

Additionally or alternatively, the germicidal system 100 can include at least one indicator light source 122 that can be configured to emit light that corresponds to at least one of an operating light condition of the UV light source 112, a disinfectant status of the touch surface 104 of the human interface device 102, a selected delay time period (e.g., the first time period), the like, or a combination thereof. Typically, the at least one indicator light source 122 includes a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs), wherein the LEDs can be different colors. By way of explanation and not limitation, a green LED can be used to show that the touch surface 104 is disinfected; a yellow LED can be used to indicate that the touch surface 104 is not disinfected, and a red LED can be used to indicate that the UV light source 112 is on. Typically, only one of the green, yellow, and red LEDs is illuminated at a time. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the at least one indicator light source 122 can be other suitable light sources, but not limited to, a multi-colored LED, one or more single-colored LEDs, incandescent light sources with lens that are configured to affect a color of light output, the like, or a combination thereof. The indicator light source 122 can be at least partially enclosed in the housing 106.

The one or more indicator light sources 122 can additionally or alternatively include light sources that correspond to a selected delay time period (e.g., blue LEDs). Further, a selector button 123 can be at least partially exposed from the housing 106 and configured to toggle through the available delay time periods, wherein such toggling can be identified by the one or more indicator lights 122.

According to one embodiment, the germicidal system 100 can be configured to be in electrical communication with a direct current (DC) power source. In such an embodiment, the DC power source can be in electrical communication with the UV light source 112 utilizing a universal serial bus (USB) connection 124. In an embodiment that includes the human interface device 102 being a laptop computer, the USB connection 124 can be connected to the laptop to draw electrical power. Additionally or alternatively, the germicidal system 100 can include a five volt (5 v) cold cathode fluorescent lamp (CCFL) power supply, which can be in electrical communication with the UV light source 112, the sensor 114, the processor 118, the alignment light source 120, the indicator light source 122, the like, or a combination thereof. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the germicidal system 100 can be powered by an independent power supply, an energy storage device (e.g., a battery) at least partially enclosed in the housing 106, a power converter, the like, or a combination thereof.

For purposes of explanation and not limitation, as exemplary illustrated in FIGS. 2, 3, 9-16, 26, and 27, respectively, the human interface device 102 can be at least one of a laptop computer, a laptop computer keyboard, a laptop touch pad, a keyboard, a mouse, a touch screen, a cash register, an automated teller machine (ATM), a credit card payment device, other touch surfaces, or a combination thereof. Thus, the UV light source 112 can project the illumination pattern onto the target area, irradiating the target area between users accessing the human interface device 102 to at least partially disinfect the target area.

In regards to exemplary embodiments illustrated in FIG. 15, the adjustable attachment device 110 can be flexibly rigid stands that extend from a keyboard. Thus, the UV light source 112 can project the illumination pattern on at least part of the keyboard, a mouse, and other touch surfaces on a work area, the like, or a combination thereof. In such an embodiment, the USB or other power connector can be integrated with the adjustable attachment device 110.

Depending upon the type of human interface device 102, the housing 106 can be configured to reduce the controls or switches that may be accessible to the user (e.g., an ATM machine that is available to the public). In such an embodiment, an additional casing or shell can extend at least partially around the housing 106. Thus, the additional casing or shell can provided extra protection for the germicidal system 100 from being damaged. Additionally or alternatively, manual controls (e.g., a manual switch to activate the UV light source 112) may not be included when the germicidal system 100 is used with such a human interface device 102, and instead, such controls can be implemented by utilizing one or more executable software routines stored on a memory device. In any of the embodiments, the one or more executable software routines can be deleted, updated, or newly stored in the memory device utilizing the USB connection 124 or other suitable wired or wireless connection.

The sensor 114 can be a motion sensor, such as, but not limited to, a proximity sensor, according to one embodiment. Exemplary proximity sensors can be, but are not limited to, a capacitive sensor, an inductive sensor, an infrared sensor, a passive infrared sensor, a heat or thermo sensor, an imager, the like, or a combination thereof. The sensor 114 can be configured to detect motion in an area that at least partially encloses the target area, wherein the monitored area is typically greater than the target area, the touch surface 104, or a combination thereof. In such an embodiment, the sensor 114 can form an “umbrella” with respect to the UV illumination pattern projected by the UV light source 112, such that if motion is detected within the “umbrella,” the UV light source 112 can be turned OFF if the UV light source 122 is currently ON, in order to reduce UV exposure to the user.

The sensor 114 can be configured to function in conjunction with the keyboard and/or mouse, such that if a user is typing with the keyboard and/or moving the mouse, the sensor 114 detects such activation and turns the UV light source OFF if the UV light source 112 is currently ON, in order to reduce UV exposure to the user. In such an embodiment, if the keyboard and/or mouse are external to the germicidal system 100 (e.g., not a laptop computer), the detection can be communicated to the processor 118 utilizing the USB connection 124, other suitable wired or wireless communication connection, or a combination thereof. In any of the sensor embodiments, the processor 118 can be configured to allow a time period (e.g., the first time period to expire) after a most recent detection to increase a probability that a user will not be exposed to the UV illumination pattern projected by the UV light source 112. For purposes of explanation and not limitation, the first time period can be approximately sixty seconds (60 s).

According to one embodiment, the germicidal system 100 can include one or more override buttons or switches 128. One exemplary override button can be a button that is activated to turn the UV light device 1120N prior to the expiration of the delay time period. Such an override button 128 can be an emergency OFF button. An additional or alternative exemplary override button can be a button that is activated to turn the alignment light source 120 ON or OFF. Yet another additional or alternative override embodiment can include detection of movement of the adjustable attachment device 110 beyond predetermined angles of any axis and/or quick movement (e.g., accelerometer).

In regards to FIG. 25, a method of at least partially disinfecting a touch surface 104 of the human interface device 102 is generally shown at reference identifier 200. The method 200 can start at step 202 and proceed to step 204, wherein the germicidal system 100 is turned ON. At decision step 206, it is determined if motion is detected. Typically, motion is detected by utilizing the one or more sensors 114. If it is determined at decision step 206 that motion is detected, the method 200 continues to have the UV light source 112 OFF and starts the delay period clock or timer over, and returns to the step 206. However, if it is determined at decision step 206 that motion is not detected, then the method 200 proceeds to decision step 208.

At decision step 208, it is determined if a delay period has expired. According to one embodiment, the delay period can range from approximately sixty seconds (60 s) to one hundred twenty seconds (120 s). It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the delay time period can be a period of time adequately long enough to make a reasonable assumption that the user is at least temporarily done using the human interface device 102, such that the user is distant from the human interface device 102 (e.g., no part of the user is within the area of the UV illumination pattern projected by the UV light source 112). If it is determined at decision step 208 that the delay time period has not expired, then the method 200 returns to step 206. However, if it is determined at decision step 208 that the delay period has expired, the method 200 proceeds to step 210. At step 210, the UV light source 112 is turned ON.

The method 200 proceeds from step 210 to decision step 212, wherein it is determined if motion is detected. Typically, the motion is detected using one or more sensors 114. If it is determined at decision step 212 that motion is not detected, the method 200 proceeds to decision step 214. However, if it is determined at decision step 212 that motion is detected, then the method 200 proceeds to step 216, wherein the UV light source 112 is turned OFF.

At decision step 214 it is determined if the ON time period has expired. Typically, the ON time period is approximately sixty seconds (60 s), but can be dependent upon the distance between the UV light source 112 and the target area, the intensity of the UV light source 112, the like, or a combination thereof. If it is determined at decision step 214 that the disinfectant or ON time period is not expired, then the method 200 returns to step 212. However, if it is determined at decision step 214 that the ON time period has expired, then the method 200 proceeds to step 216, and the method 200 can then end at step 218. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the method 200 can return to step 206 from step 216, such that the method 200 is continuously implemented so as long as the germicidal system 100 is supplied with electrical power or otherwise manually turned OFF.

Typically, the one or more indicator light sources 122 can be used in conjunction with the method 200, such that the different method steps that are currently being implemented are identified to the user via the use of the indicator light source 102. For purposes of explanation and not limitation, when the device is turned ON at step 204, a yellow indicator light source 122 can be illuminated to indicate that the target area is non-sterile (e.g., the target area has been touched more recently than the UV light source 112 being ON). During steps 210, 212, and 214, wherein the UV light source 112 is ON, a red LED indicator light source 122 can be utilized. In step 216, the green LED light indicator light source 122 can be utilized to indicate that the target area has been at least partially disinfected; however, this indicator light source 122 is typically only used if the UV light source 112 is turned OFF due to the ON time period expiring rather than if motion is detected. When the green LED indicator light source 122 is ON, and the sensor 114 detects a user, the processor 118 can be configured to turn the green LED indicator light source 122 OFF and turn the yellow LED indicator light source 1220N.

According to one embodiment, the germicidal system 100 can include an auto disabling device, such that if the adjustable attachment device 110 is altered beyond predetermined angles of any axis and/or quick movement (e.g. accelerometer), the UV light source 112 can be turned OFF. Additionally or alternatively, the UV light source 112 can be configured to emit the UV illumination pattern at a reduced intensity, such that the ON time period is increased. According to one embodiment, the processor 118 can be configured to have an autotimer override to turn OFF the UV light source 112 to prevent prolonged irradiation, in the case of a system malfunction.

According to an alternate embodiment, as illustrated in FIG. 26, a method of at least partially disinfecting a touch surface 104 of the human interface device 102 is generally shown at reference identifier 300. The method 300 starts at step 302, and proceeds to step 304, wherein a power button is pressed. According to one embodiment, it is determined if the power button has been pressed and released for a time period that exceeds a threshold value (e.g., greater than two seconds (2 s)). The method 300 can proceed from step 304 to step 322, such that when the germicidal system 100 is turned ON, the yellow LED indicator light source 122 is turned ON.

However, the method 300 can start at step 306 when a manual override button (e.g., override button 128) is activated or pressed. The method 300 can then proceed to step 308. At step 308, the UV light source 112 is turned ON and the timer is started based upon the selected delay time period. Typically, the selected delay time period is shown to a user by illuminating a corresponding indicator light source 122 (e.g., a blue LED), and the red LED indicator light source 122 is illuminated to indicate that the UV light source 112 is ON. At decision step 310, it is determined if motion is detected. If it is determined at decision step 310 that motion has not been detected, then the method 300 proceeds to decision step 312. At decision step 312 it is determined if the timer (e.g., twenty five seconds (25 s)) has elapsed without motion being detected. If it is determined at decision step 312, that the time period has not elapsed without motion being detected, then the method 300 proceeds to step 314, wherein the timer continues to count towards expiration of the time period. The method 300 can then return to decision step 310 to determine if motion has been detected. If it is determined at decision step 312 that the delay time period has elapsed, the method 300 then proceeds to step 316. At step 316 the timer is stopped, the UV light source 112 is turned OFF, and the green LED indicator light source 122 can be illuminated to indicate that the touch surface 104 is at least partially illuminated.

The method 300 then proceeds to step 318, wherein the germicidal system 100 is in a waiting state with the UV light source 112 OFF and the green LED indicator light source 122 illuminated. At step 320, motion is detected, which is typically determined based upon the sensor 114 detecting motion. At step 322, the red LED indicator light source 122 is illuminated to indicate that the UV light source 112 is turned ON or will be turned ON. Further, if it is determined at decision step 310 that motion has been detected, then the method 300 proceeds to step 322, wherein the red LED indicator light source 122 is turned ON.

At decision step 324 it is determined if the power output of the UV light source 112 is ON. If it is determined at decision step 324 that the UV light source 112 is ON, then the method 300 proceeds to step 326, wherein the power output of the UV light source 112 is turned OFF. If it is determined at decision step 324 that the power output of the UV light source is not ON or after step 326 is performed, the method 300 proceeds to step 328. At step 328 a timer is started, and the method 300 then proceeds to decision step 330. At decision step 330 it is determined if motion has been sensed. If it is determined at decision step 330 that motion has been sensed, then the method 300 returns to step 328. However, if it is determined at decision step 330 that motion has not been sensed, then the method 300 proceeds to step 332. At decision step 332 it is determined if a time period (e.g., five seconds (5 s)) has elapsed. If it is determined at decision step 332 that the time period has not elapsed, the method 300 proceeds to step 334, wherein the timer continues counting towards expiration. However, if it is determined at decision step 332 that the time period has elapsed, then the method 300 proceeds to step 308. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the method 300 can continue to be executed until electrical power is disconnected from the germicidal system 100 or when the germicidal system 100 is otherwise turned OFF.

With respect to an alternate embodiment, as exemplary illustrated in FIG. 16, the germicidal system 100′ can be integrated with the human interface device 102 (e.g., a laptop computer). In such an embodiment, the UV light source 112 can be integrated at the top of the laptop screen and directed towards the keyboard and touchpad area. Further, the sensor 114 can be one or more infrared transmitters that correspond to one or more infrared receivers, such that the processor 118 can be configured to determine not to activate the UV light source 112 if substantially all of the IR light transmitted is not received by the one or more IR receivers. Thus, when such IR sensors are incorporated into the germicidal system 100′, the IR sensors can detect when at least a portion of the user is within the target area, but are substantially motionless (e.g., the user's hands are on a keyboard within the target area, but not typing).

As illustrated in FIG. 16, the UV light source 112 and sensor 114 are illustrated as being at the top of an LCD screen. However, it should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the UV light source 112 and/or the sensor 114 can be located on different sides, the top, the bottom, or a combination thereof of the LCD screen, so long as the UV light source 112 can adequately project the UV illumination pattern on the target area.

Additionally or alternatively, in an embodiment where the germicidal system 100′ can be integrated in a laptop device, the germicidal system 100′ can be configured to turn ON the UV light source 112 when the laptop is in a closed position. In such an embodiment, the UV light source 112 can be juxtaposed to the target area, and thus, due to a reduced distance, as compared to other embodiments, the intensity, the ON time period, the like, or a combination thereof, can be reduced. According to one embodiment, the UV light source 112 can be located behind the LCD screen. As exemplary illustrated in FIG. 17, the exterior housing of the laptop computer can include one or more indicator light sources 122 that indicate to a user if the UV light source 112 is ON, if a partial disinfectant has taken place, or no disinfectant has taken place.

According to an additional or alternative embodiment, the UV light source 112 can be placed behind devices that have a translucent surface, such as a keyboard (FIG. 27), a mouse (FIG. 28), or a hand rest area of a laptop computer, such that the UV light source 112 can project the UV illumination pattern through these translucent devices. Typically, the UV light source 112 can project a sufficient amount of UV illumination to pass through the translucent material and at least partially disinfect the surfaces, without projecting an excessive amount of UV rays that would affect a surface distant to the translucent surface (FIGS. 18A and 18B). By way of explanation and not limitation, the translucent devices can have a very low power UV light source 112 behind the touch surface thereof that irradiates the surface whenever a user is not sensed. The above-described sensing methodologies and delay times can be used to determine dormant time periods that the irradiation could occur. The UV light source 112 can be minimally separated from the target area so that a very low output source for a short period of time can have an adequate disinfecting effect on the target area, such that exposure to a surface distant to the translucent surface can be minimally affected by the UV illumination pattern user at a normal operating distance would have minimal adverse effects. Further, the translucent material can be designed to diffuse UV light, while not affecting the germicidal effect, but decreasing damaging potential to surfaces distance from the UV light source 112 (FIG. 18B).

Advantageously, the germicidal system 100, 100′ and method 200, 300 can be used to reduce the risk of bacteria or virus transmission on human interface devices 102 that are typically used by more than one person (e.g., medical environments, educational institutions, libraries, government entities, business, etc.), wherein it may be impractical to use sprays or wipes because physically touching the surfaces can easily press the keys or mouse and produce erroneous data entries. However, failure to disinfect these surfaces can increase the likelihood of transmission of contagions between staff members and patients and/or other persons. It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art that additional or alternative advantages may be present based upon the germicidal system 100, 100′ and method 200, 300. It should further be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the elements of the germicidal system 100, 100′ and method 200, 300 can be combined in alternative ways not expressly described herein.

FIG. 29 is a schematic of one embodiment of a State Transition Diagram of the present invention. This may represent one embodiment of certain functionalities of the present invention. For example, after a 10 minute idle time, if the device is on, a timer may activate the device to turn on, and clean the designated target. This may be referred to as step 2000.

Alternatively, the activation of the device may be manually controlled. Similarly the deactivation may be manually controlled by, for example, use of an off button 3000. If any motion is sensed 3100, then this may deactivate the unit.

FIG. 29 also illustrates an embodiment of the use of indicator lights 3200. For example, when the device is on, a red indicator light 3200 may turn on to inform people that the device is on. A green light 3300 may indicate that the light is off. Yellow or flashing lights may also be used.

FIGS. 30-34 are schematics of possible embodiments of certain circuitry of the present invention.

FIG. 35 illustrates a possible configuration of the components of the present invention. For example of a motion sensor 3400 may be operably connected to a processor 3500, and the processor 3500 may be operably connected to a UV-C bulb 3800 to deactivate the device if motion is detected. Similarly, the motion sensor 3400 may activate the device if no motion is detected for a certain period of time. The processor 3700 may be operably connected to a UV-C bulb 3800 to turn on or off the bulb 3800. The device may have manual controls, such as an on/off button 3600 to manually control and optionally override any automatic settings. Indicator lights 3800 may alert and inform people as to the status of the device, i.e. on, off, or other notifications may be provided. circuit of the present invention;

FIGS. 36-38 illustrate a possible PIR sensor circuit, filter/amplifiers, or comparator of the present invention, respectively.

FIG. 39 illustrates a schematic of an embodiment of a PIR signal output of the present invention.

FIG. 40 is a schematic of an embodiment of a DC to AC inverting circuit of the present invention.

FIG. 41 is a schematic of an embodiment of a CCFL Royer Inverter circuit of the present invention.

FIG. 42 is a chart of embodiment of a LTSpice simulation of the present invention.

FIG. 43 is another chart of an embodiment of a LTSpice simulation of the present invention.

The device of the present invention may be capable of automatically cleaning most any material or environment, including solids, liquids, gas, or plasma. The device may be used to clean a computer keyboard, touch screens, mice, cash registers, ATM machines, kiosks, or any surface that on which organisms may live, or viruses may be found.

The device may be used in virtually any environment, including, but not limited to medical environments. The device may be powered via USB. The device may utilize a 1 W UV-C Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp (CCFL). The device may sense human interaction with a keyboard. The device may be compatible with both laptop and desktop keyboards.

In another embodiment, the present invention device tracks & records metric data on its use & performance, including total time in use, total bulb-on time, total completed disinfection cycles, and total 25%, 50%, 75% completed cycles. The above data can be transmitted via the USB cable to a log file on the attached PC. A future web-based program could harvest these log files from UV Angel-protected PC's on a local area network, compiling the data for Infection Control documentation for HIPPAA, Marketing, etc. The device also has an inertial sensor like those found in iPhone & Droids for determining its orientation in space to function as a tilt safety switch, and to detect human presence as a supplementary protection system to the Passive Infrared motion sensor. The device uses an LED progress display bar to give visual feedback regarding current status in various timed modes (i.e. how far into disinfection cycle). The device may be able to have its software updated remotely through its USB interface to optimize various settings. Plastic absorbs UV-C light. In one embodiment for example, the cleaning time with 1 W bulb may be about 160 seconds at about 15″. This determination may consider factors such as intensity of the light, distance of the light from its intended target, or the quantity or virulence of the pathogens to eliminate or reduce. Generally, different pathogens require differing amounts of UVC energy. Another factor to consider if the amount of reflective UVC energy, which may be directed in a direction of non-intended targets, such as a person.

In a further embodiment, the present invention may be powered by a standard USB port on a computer. Typical USB 2.0 standards allow devices to draw up to 500 mA at 5V from a USB port. Therefore, a maximum of 2.5 W of power can be drawn from a USB 2.0 port.

The power consumption for the major components of one embodiment of the present invention is shown in Table 1, below:

TABLE 1 Power Consumption for Major Components Component Current Draw (mA) Voltage (V) Power (mW) ATtiny24 7 5 35 LM324 3 5 15 Red LED 8.4 1.85 15.54 Blue LED 15 3.3 49.5 CCFL Inverter 250 5 1250 PIR Sensor 5 0.2 1 Total 1,366.04

From Table 1, it can be seen that the present invention may draw a maximum of 1.154 W of power in one embodiment.

Thus, a standard USB 2.0 port should have more than enough power to support the UV Angel.

In one embodiment the DC to AC Inverter may comprise a circuit that may drive the selected 1 W Cold Cathode Fluorescent Lamp (CCFL). This circuit needed to be capable of sourcing the required AC power to the lamp from the USB DC source. The voltage and current required to drive the CCFL was given in its datasheet and can be seen in Table 1. The USB source, which was assumed to be a standard USB 2.0 port, can source up to 500 mA at 5V.

TABLE 2 1W CCFL Bulb Specifications Striking Voltage Operating Voltage Operating Current Lamp (Vstrike) (VCCFL) (ICCFL) Wattage 650 V rms 200 V rms 5 ± 1 mA rms 1 W

Typical to standard CCFL drivers, a version of a Royer circuit may be implemented to drive the CCFL. FIG. 1 depicts a typical Royer circuit implemented in CCFL applications that need to convert DC power to AC power. The major components that need to be determined for the CCFL circuit are the two transistors, the bulk capacitor, the ballast capacitor, and the transformer.

To begin the circuit design process, the turn ratio of the transformer must be determined Using the strike voltage given for the CCFL, the turn ratio was calculated. Once the turn ratio was determined, a transformer was picked out that could source up to 1 W of power, had at least the required amount of turns, and was relatively small in size. In this application, a Bourns PM61300-2-RC transformer was selected. Next, the ballast capacitor could be determined by assuming that the circuit on each side of the transformer would resonate at the same frequency.

In one embodiment, if the bulb or system draws 1 W of power is operating at 5V, the maximum current that may be travelling through the primary inductor would be 200 mA. Therefore the transistors each need to have a collector current rating of 100 mA since the current will be shared between the two of them. In addition, an LTSpice simulation of the circuit depicted that the voltage across the collector and emitter of each transistor was as high as 21V. With this information, a 2N3904 transistor was selected. The 2N3904 has a collector emitter break down voltage of 40V and an IC rating of up to 200 mA.

Common capacitor values for the ballast capacitor and buld capacitor may then be about 68 pF and 330 nF respectively. The LTSpice circuit and simulation results are shown in FIG._**2-4** respectively.

Another variation would be a carrying case for tablet devices like the iPad or similar devices that automatically disinfect the tablet's surfaces when the case is closed. The design of the case could be book style, or the tablet could simply be inserted. The case would have internal UV-C light sources (or other antimicrobial energy source), possibly LED-based, that would illuminate the surfaces of the tablet from close proximity, so very low intensity would be required, requiring minimal exposure time and therefore minimal power. Power could come from an internal rechargeable battery, or even from the tablet device itself. A theoretical example picture is below, but in this design, the UVC or other antimicrobial energy source would only fire when the lid was closed.

Modifications of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art and to those who make or use the invention. Therefore, it is understood that the embodiments shown in the drawings and described above are merely for illustrative purposes and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the following claims as interpreted according to the principles of patent law, including the doctrine of equivalents. 

1. A germicidal system for at least partially disinfecting a human interface device comprising a touch surface, said germicidal system comprising: a housing defining an aperture; an adjustable attachment device extending from said housing, said adjustable attachment device configured to removably attach to the human interface device; an ultra-violet (UV) light source at least partially enclosed in said housing, wherein said UV light source is configured to project an illumination pattern at least partially defined by said aperture and position of said adjustable attachment device, such that said illumination pattern substantially corresponds to said touch surface of the human interface device; a sensor in communication with said UV light source, wherein said sensor is configured to detect an object proximate to said housing; and a processor in communication between said UV light source and said sensor, wherein said processor is configured to activate said UV light source when said sensor has not detected said object within a first time period, and deactivate said UV light source when one of said sensor detects said object and a second time period has expired, such that said illumination pattern projected by said UV light source disinfects the touch surface of the human interface device below a surgical grade sterilization.
 2. The germicidal system of claim 1 further comprising an alignment light source configured to project an illumination pattern adapted to direct alignment of said adjustable attachment device, such that said UV light source is substantially aligned with the touch surface of the human interface device.
 3. The germicidal system of claim 1 further comprising at least one indicator light source configured to emit light that corresponds to at least one of an operating condition of said UV light source and a disinfectant status of the touch surface of the human interface device.
 4. The germicidal system of claim 3, wherein said at least one indicator light source comprises a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs).
 5. The germicidal system of claim 1 configured to be in electrical communication with a direct-current (DC) power source.
 6. The germicidal system of claim 5, wherein said DC power source is in electrical communication with said UV light source utilizing a universal serial bus (USB) connection.
 7. The germicidal system of claim 1, wherein the human interface device comprises at least one of: a laptop computer; a laptop computer keyboard; a laptop touch pad; a keyboard; a mouse; a touch screen; a cash register; an automated teller machine (ATM); and a credit card payment device.
 8. The germicidal system of claim 1, wherein said sensor is a proximity sensor.
 9. The germicidal system of claim 8, wherein said sensor is at least one of: a capacitive sensor; an inductive sensor; a passive infrared sensor; a thermo or heat sensor; an infrared sensor; and an imager.
 10. A germicidal system integrated into a human interface device, said germicidal system comprising: an adjustable housing defining an aperture; an ultra-violet (UV) light source at least partially enclosed in said housing, wherein said UV light source is configured to project an illumination pattern at least partially defined by said aperture and position of said adjustable housing, such that said illumination pattern substantially corresponds to said touch surface of the human interface device; a sensor in communication with said UV light source, wherein said sensor is configured to detect a position of said UV light source with respect to the touch surface of the human interface device; and a processor in communication between said UV light source and said sensor, wherein said processor is configured to activate said UV light source when said sensor detects that said UV light source is juxtaposed to the touch surface of the human interface device, such that said illumination pattern projected by said UV light source disinfects the touch surface of the human interface device below a surgical grade sterilization.
 11. The germicidal system of claim 1 further comprising an alignment light source configured to project an illumination pattern adapted to direct alignment of said adjustable housing, such that said UV light source is substantially aligned with the touch surface of the human interface device.
 12. The germicidal system of claim 1 further comprising at least one indicator light source configured to emit light that corresponds to at least one of an operating condition of said UV light source and a disinfectant status of the touch surface of the human interface device.
 13. The germicidal system of claim 12, wherein said at least one indicator light source comprises a plurality of multi-colored light emitting diodes (LEDs).
 14. The germicidal system of claim 1 configured to be in electrical communication with a direct-current (DC) power source.
 15. The germicidal system of claim 14, wherein said DC power source is in electrical communication with said UV light source utilizing a universal serial bus (USB) connection.
 16. The germicidal system of claim 1, wherein the human interface device comprises at least one of: a laptop computer; a laptop computer keyboard; a laptop touch pad; a keyboard; a mouse; a touch screen; a cash register; an automated teller machine (ATM); and a credit card payment device.
 17. The germicidal system of claim 1, wherein said sensor is a proximity sensor.
 18. The germicidal system of claim 17, wherein said sensor is at least one of: a capacitive sensor; an inductive sensor; a passive infrared sensor; a thermo or heat sensor; an infrared sensor; and an imager.
 19. A method of at least partially disinfecting a touch surface of a human interface device, said method comprising the steps of: determining if an object is proximate the touch surface of the human interface device; determining a distance between an ultra-violet (UV) light source and the touch surface of the human interface device; and projecting an illumination pattern by said UV light source if it is determined that an object is not proximate the touch surface of the human interface device, wherein said illumination pattern of said UV light source is projected for a first time period that is a function of an intensity of said illumination pattern and said determined distance between said UV light source and the touch surface of the human interface device, such that said illumination pattern projected by said UV light source disinfects the touch surface of the human interface device below a surgical grade sterilization.
 20. The method of claim 19 further comprising the step of: turning said UV light source off during said first time period if said object is detected proximate to the touch surface of the human interface device.
 21. The method of claim 19 further comprising the step of: projecting an alignment illumination pattern adapted to direct alignment of said UV light source, such that said UV light source is substantially aligned with the touch surface of the human interface device.
 22. The method of claim 19 further comprising the step of: illuminating at least one indicator light source configured to emit light that corresponds to at least one of an operating condition of said UV light source and a disinfectant status of the touch surface of the human interface device.
 23. The method of claim 19 further comprising the step of: supplying direct current (DC) electrical power to said UV light source.
 24. The method of claim 23, wherein said DC electrical power is supplied utilizing a universal serial bus (USB) connection. 